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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="G-code_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="G-code (disambiguation)">G-code (disambiguation)</a> and <a href="G_programming_language_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="G programming language (disambiguation)">G programming language (disambiguation)</a>.</div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"RS-274" redirects here. For the photoplotter format, see <a href="Gerber_format" title="Gerber format">Gerber format</a>.</div>

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</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#e0e0e0;">G-code</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Programming_paradigm" title="Programming paradigm">Paradigm</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Procedural_programming" title="Procedural programming">Procedural</a>, <a href="Imperative_programming" title="Imperative programming">imperative</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Software_design" title="Software design">Designed by</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Software_developer" class="mw-redirect" title="Software developer">Developer</a></th><td class="infobox-data organiser"><a href="Electronic_Industries_Alliance" title="Electronic Industries Alliance">Electronic Industries Association</a> (RS-274), <a href="International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">International Organization for Standardization</a> (ISO-6983)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First appeared</th><td class="infobox-data">1963<span style="display: none;"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1963</span>)</span> (RS-274)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Filename_extension" title="Filename extension">Filename extensions</a></th><td class="infobox-data">.gcode, .mpt, .mpf, .nc and several others</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #EEEEEE;">Major <a href="Programming_language_implementation" title="Programming language implementation">implementations</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Numerous; mainly <a href="Siemens" title="Siemens">Siemens</a> Sinumerik, <a href="FANUC" title="FANUC">FANUC</a>, <a href="Haas_Automation" title="Haas Automation">Haas</a>, <a href="Heidenhain" title="Heidenhain">Heidenhain</a>, <a href="Yamazaki_Mazak_Corporation" title="Yamazaki Mazak Corporation">Mazak</a>, <a href="Okuma_Corporation" title="Okuma Corporation">Okuma</a></td></tr></tbody></table>

<p><b>G-code</b> (abbreviation for <b>geometric code</b>; also called<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <b>RS-274</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> standardized today in <b>ISO 6983-1</b><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is the most widely used <a href="Computer_numerical_control" title="Computer numerical control">computer numerical control</a> (CNC) and <a href="3D_printing" title="3D printing">3D printing</a> <a href="Programming_language" title="Programming language">programming language</a>. It is used mainly in <a href="Computer-aided_manufacturing" title="Computer-aided manufacturing">computer-aided manufacturing</a> to control automated <a href="Machine_tool" title="Machine tool">machine tools</a>, as well as for <a href="Slicer_(3D_printing)" title="Slicer (3D printing)">3D-printer slicer applications</a>. G-code has many variants.

</p><p>G-code instructions are provided to a <a href="Programmable_logic_controller" title="Programmable logic controller">machine controller</a> (industrial computer) that tells the motors where to move, how fast to move, and what path to follow. The two most common situations are that, within a machine tool such as a <a href="Metal_lathe" title="Metal lathe">lathe</a> or <a href="Milling_(machining)" title="Milling (machining)">mill</a>, a <a href="Cutting_tool_(machining)" title="Cutting tool (machining)">cutting tool</a> is moved according to these instructions through a toolpath cutting away material to leave only the finished workpiece and/or an unfinished workpiece is precisely positioned in any of up to nine axes<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> around the three dimensions relative to a toolpath and, either or both can move relative to each other. The same concept also extends to noncutting tools such as <a href="Forming_(metalworking)" title="Forming (metalworking)">forming</a> or <a href="Burnishing_(metal)" title="Burnishing (metal)">burnishing</a> tools, <a href="Gerber_format" title="Gerber format">photoplotting</a>, additive methods such as 3D printing, and measuring instruments.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

<p>The first implementation of a numerical control programming language was developed at the <a href="MIT_Servomechanisms_Laboratory" class="mw-redirect" title="MIT Servomechanisms Laboratory">MIT Servomechanisms Laboratory</a> in the 1950s. In the decades that followed, many implementations were developed by numerous organizations, both commercial and noncommercial. Elements of G-code had often been used in these implementations.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first <a href="Technical_standard" title="Technical standard">standardized</a> version of G-code used in the United States, <i>RS-274</i>, was published in 1963 by the <a href="Electronic_Industries_Alliance" title="Electronic Industries Alliance">Electronic Industries Alliance</a> (EIA; then known as Electronic Industries Association).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1974, EIA approved <i>RS-274-C</i>, which merged <i>RS-273</i> (variable block for positioning and straight cut) and <i>RS-274-B</i> (variable block for contouring and contouring/positioning). A final revision of <i>RS-274</i> was approved in 1979, as <i>RS-274-D</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In other countries, the standard <i><a href="International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a> 6983</i> (finalized in 1982) is often used, but many European countries use other standards.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, <i><a href="Deutsches_Institut_f%C3%BCr_Normung" title="Deutsches Institut für Normung">DIN</a> 66025</i> is used in Germany, and PN-73M-55256 and PN-93/M-55251 were formerly used in Poland.

</p><p>During the 1970s through 1990s, many CNC machine tool builders attempted to overcome compatibility difficulties by standardizing on machine tool controllers built by <a href="Fanuc" class="mw-redirect" title="Fanuc">Fanuc</a>. <a href="Siemens" title="Siemens">Siemens</a> was another market dominator in CNC controls, especially in Europe. In the 2010s, controller differences and incompatibility were mitigated with the widespread adoption of CAD/CAM applications that were capable of outputting machine operations in the appropriate G-code for a specific machine through a software tool called a post-processor (sometimes shortened to just a "post").

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Syntax">Syntax</h2></div>

<p>G-code began as a limited language that lacked constructs such as loops, conditional operators, and programmer-declared variables with <a href="Natural_language" title="Natural language">natural</a>-word-including names (or the expressions in which to use them). It was unable to encode logic but was just a way to "connect the dots" where the programmer figured out many of the dots' locations longhand. The latest implementations of G-code include macro language capabilities somewhat closer to a <a href="High-level_programming_language" title="High-level programming language">high-level programming language</a>. Additionally, all primary manufacturers (e.g., Fanuc, Siemens, <a href="Heidenhain" title="Heidenhain">Heidenhain</a>) provide access to <a href="Programmable_logic_controller" title="Programmable logic controller">programmable logic controller</a> (PLC) data, such as axis positioning data and tool data,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> via variables used by NC programs. These constructs make it easier to develop automation applications.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Extensions_and_variations">Extensions and variations</h2></div>

<p>Extensions and variations have been added independently by control manufacturers and machine tool manufacturers, and operators of a specific controller must be aware of the differences between each manufacturer's product.

</p><p>One standardized version of G-code, known as <i>BCL</i> (Binary Cutter Language), is used only on very few machines. Developed at MIT, BCL was developed to control CNC machines in terms of straight lines and arcs.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Some CNC machines use "conversational" programming, which is a <a href="Wizard_(software)" title="Wizard (software)">wizard</a>-like programming mode that either hides G-code or completely bypasses the use of G-code. Some popular examples are Okuma's Advanced One Touch (AOT), Southwestern Industries' ProtoTRAK, Mazak's Mazatrol, Hurco's Ultimax and Winmax, Haas' Intuitive Programming System (IPS), and Mori Seiki's CAPS conversational software.

</p>

<ul><li><a href="Canned_cycle" title="Canned cycle">Canned cycle</a></li>

<li><a href="Direct_Numerical_Control" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct Numerical Control">Direct Numerical Control</a></li>

<li><a href="LinuxCNC" title="LinuxCNC">LinuxCNC</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_computer-aided_manufacturing_software" title="List of computer-aided manufacturing software">List of computer-aided manufacturing software</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFBarkmeyerHoppMichael_J.Gaylen_R.1995" class="citation techreport cs1">Barkmeyer, Edward J.; Hopp, Theodore H.; Michael J., Pratt; Gaylen R., Rinaudot, eds. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/Legacy/IR/nistir5662.pdf"><i>Background Study: Requisite Elements, Rationale, and Technology Overview for the Systems Integration for Manufacturing Applications (SIMA) Program</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Technical report) (NIST Interagency/Internal Report (NISTIR) 5662 ed.). Gaithersburg, MD, USA: NIST Technical Series Publications. p. 45.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="RS-274-D" class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/de/title/11135300"><i>EIA Standard RS-274-D Interchangeable Variable Block Data Format for Positioning, Contouring, and Contouring/Positioning Numerically Controlled Machines</i></a>. 2001 Eye Street, NW, Washington, D.C. 20006: Electronic Industries Association. February 1979.</cite><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{cite book}}</code>: CS1 maint: location (link)</span></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="ISO_6983:2009" class="citation techreport cs1">Technical Committee ISO/TC 184/SC 1, ed. (December 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iso.org/standard/34608.html"><i>ISO 6983-1:2009 Automation systems and integration — Numerical control of machines — Program format and definitions of address words; Part 1: Data format for positioning, line motion and contouring control systems</i></a> (Technical report). Geneva, Switzerland: International Standards Organization.</cite><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{cite tech report}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: editors list (link)</span></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Karlo Apro (2008). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ws228Aht0bcC">Secrets of 5-Axis Machining</a></i>. Industrial Press Inc. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-8311-3375-9</bdi>.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFXu2009" class="citation book cs1">Xu, Xun (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=habcATPQWJ4C"><i>Integrating Advanced Computer-aided Design, Manufacturing, and Numerical Control: Principles and Implementations</i></a>. Information Science Reference. p. 166. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-59904-716-4</bdi> – via Google Books.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHarikThorsten_Wuest2019" class="citation book cs1">Harik, Ramy; Thorsten Wuest (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=O3h0EAAAQBAJ"><i>Introduction to Advanced Manufacturing</i></a>. SAE International. p. 116. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-7680-9096-3</bdi> – via Google Books.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFEvans1976" class="citation book cs1">Evans, John M. Jr. (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GOVPUB-C13-2ef4aaa5a150eedcb85a1e6985e90bfa/pdf/GOVPUB-C13-2ef4aaa5a150eedcb85a1e6985e90bfa.pdf"><i>National Bureau of Standards Information Report (NBSIR) 76-1094 (R): Standards for Computer Aided Manufacturing</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. National Bureau of Standards. p. 43.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSchenck1998" class="citation journal cs1">Schenck, John P. (January 1, 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A20429590/GPS?sid=wikipedia">"Understanding common CNC protocols"</a>. <i>Wood & Wood Products</i>. <b>103</b> (1). Vance Publishing: 43 – via Gale.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cs2"><i>EIA Standard RS-274-D Interchangeable Variable Block Data Format for Positioning, Contouring, and Contouring/Positioning Numerically Controlled Machines</i>, Washington D.C.: Electronic Industries Association, February 1979</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFStarkV._K._Nguyen2009" class="citation book cs1">Stark, J.; V. K. Nguyen (2009). "STEP-compliant CNC Systems, Present and Future Directions". In Xu, Xun; Andrew Yeh Ching Nee (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RIgLRe12RD4C"><i>Advanced Design and Manufacturing Based on STEP</i></a>. Springer London. p. 216. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-84882-739-4</bdi> – via Google Books.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140503030834/http://www.machinetoolhelp.com/Applications/macro/system_variables.html">"Fanuc macro system variables"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.machinetoolhelp.com/Applications/macro/system_variables.html">the original</a> on 2014-05-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-06-30</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMartin.1995" class="citation book cs1">Martin., Libicki (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GE8vBQAAQBAJ&q=binary+cutter+language+gcode&pg=PA321"><i>Information Technology Standards: Quest for the Common Byte</i></a>. Burlington: Elsevier Science. p. 321. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-4832-9248-9</bdi>. <a href="OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/895436474">895436474</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2></div>

<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFMachinery's_Handbook1996" class="citation cs2">Oberg, Erik; Jones, Franklin D.; Horton, Holbrook L.; Ryffel, Henry H. (1996), Green, Robert E.; McCauley, Christopher J. (eds.), <i><a href="Machinery's_Handbook" title="Machinery's Handbook">Machinery's Handbook</a></i> (25th ed.), New York: <a href="Industrial_Press" title="Industrial Press">Industrial Press</a>, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-8311-2575-2</bdi>, <a href="OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/473691581">473691581</a>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFSmid2008" class="citation cs2">Smid, Peter (2008), <i>CNC Programming Handbook</i> (3rd ed.), New York: Industrial Press, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780831133474</bdi>, <a href="LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2007045901">2007045901</a>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFSmid2010" class="citation cs2">Smid, Peter (2010), <i>CNC Control Setup for Milling and Turning</i>, New York: Industrial Press, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0831133504</bdi>, <a href="LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2010007023">2010007023</a>.</cite></li></ul>

<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFSmid2004" class="citation cs2">Smid, Peter (2004), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YKvH-zYd3VwC&pg=PR11"><i>Fanuc CNC Custom Macros</i></a>, Industrial Press, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-8311-3157-9</bdi>.</cite></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://carlsonmfg.com/cnc-g-code-m-code-programming">CNC G-Code and M-Code Programming</a></li>

<li><cite class="citation cs2">Kramer, T. R.; Proctor, F. M.; Messina, E. R. (1 Aug 2000), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nist.gov/manuscript-publication-search.cfm?pub_id=823374">"The NIST RS274NGC Interpreter – Version 3"</a>, <i><a href="NIST" class="mw-redirect" title="NIST">NIST</a></i>, NISTIR 6556</cite></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://museum.mit.edu/150/86">http://museum.mit.edu/150/86</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160319102859/http://museum.mit.edu/150/86">Archived</a> 2016-03-19 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Has several links (including history of MIT Servo Lab)</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://reprap.org/wiki/G-code">Complete list of G-code used by most 3D printers</a> at reprap.org</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnccookbook.com/CCCNCGCodeList.html">Fanuc and Haas G-code Reference</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnccookbook.com/CCCNCGCodeCourse.htm">Fanuc and Haas G-code Tutorial</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haascnc.com/content/dam/haascnc/en/service/manual/operator/english---mill-ngc---operator's-manual---2017.pdf">Haas Milling Manual</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cncknowledge.in/2020/05/haas-cnc-g-code-list-for-lathe-milling.html">G Code For Lathe & Milling</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cncknowledge.in/2020/05/haas-cnc-m-code-list-for-lathe-milling.html">M Code for Lathe & Milling</a></li></ul>

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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Metalworking238" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Metalworking238" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Metalworking" title="Metalworking">Metalworking</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Machining_and_computing354" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Machining and computing</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Computer-aided<br>engineering</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Numerical_control" class="mw-redirect" title="Numerical control">Numerical control (NC and CNC)</a></li>

<li><a href="Stewart_platform" title="Stewart platform">Stewart platform</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Drilling and<br>threading</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Drill" title="Drill">Drill</a></li>

<li><a href="Drill_bit" title="Drill bit">Drill bit</a></li>

<li><a href="Drill_bit_shank" title="Drill bit shank">Drill bit shank</a></li>

<li><a href="Drill_bit_sizes" title="Drill bit sizes">Drill bit sizes</a></li>

<li><a href="Drilling" title="Drilling">Drilling</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_drill_and_tap_sizes" title="List of drill and tap sizes">List of drill and tap sizes</a></li>

<li><a href="Tap_wrench" title="Tap wrench">Tap wrench</a></li>

<li><a href="Threading_(manufacturing)" title="Threading (manufacturing)">Threading</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Grinding and<br>lapping</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Abrasive" title="Abrasive">Abrasive</a></li>

<li><a href="Abrasive_machining" title="Abrasive machining">Abrasive machining</a></li>

<li><a href="Angle_grinder" title="Angle grinder">Angle grinder</a></li>

<li><a href="Bench_grinder" title="Bench grinder">Bench grinder</a></li>

<li><a href="Coated_abrasive" class="mw-redirect" title="Coated abrasive">Coated abrasive</a></li>

<li><a href="Cylindrical_grinder" title="Cylindrical grinder">Cylindrical grinder</a></li>

<li><a href="Sharpening_stone#Diamond_plate" title="Sharpening stone">Diamond plate</a></li>

<li><a href="Flick_grinder" class="mw-redirect" title="Flick grinder">Flick grinder</a></li>

<li><a href="Grinding_(abrasive_cutting)" title="Grinding (abrasive cutting)">Grinding</a></li>

<li><a href="Grinding_dresser" title="Grinding dresser">Grinding dresser</a></li>

<li><a href="Grinding_machine" title="Grinding machine">Grinding machine</a></li>

<li><a href="Grinding_wheel" title="Grinding wheel">Grinding wheel</a></li>

<li><a href="Jig_grinder" title="Jig grinder">Jig grinder</a></li>

<li><a href="Lapping" title="Lapping">Lapping</a></li>

<li><a href="Sandpaper" title="Sandpaper">Sanding</a></li>

<li><a href="Sharpening_stone" title="Sharpening stone">Sharpening stone</a></li>

<li><a href="Spark_testing" title="Spark testing">Spark testing</a></li>

<li><a href="Surface_grinding" title="Surface grinding">Surface grinder</a></li>

<li><a href="Tool_and_cutter_grinder" title="Tool and cutter grinder">Tool and cutter grinder</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Machining</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Boring_(manufacturing)" title="Boring (manufacturing)">Boring</a></li>

<li><a href="Broaching_(metalworking)" title="Broaching (metalworking)">Broaching</a></li>

<li><a href="Electrical_discharge_machining" title="Electrical discharge machining">Electrical discharge machining</a></li>

<li><a href="Electrochemical_machining" title="Electrochemical machining">Electrochemical machining</a></li>

<li><a href="Electron-beam_machining" title="Electron-beam machining">Electron-beam machining</a></li>

<li><a href="Engraving" title="Engraving">Engraving</a></li>

<li><a href="Facing_(machining)" title="Facing (machining)">Facing</a></li>

<li><a href="Hobbing" title="Hobbing">Hobbing</a></li>

<li><a href="Jig_borer" title="Jig borer">Jig borer</a></li>

<li><a href="Machine_tool" title="Machine tool">Machine tool</a></li>

<li><a href="Machining" title="Machining">Machining</a></li>

<li><a href="Metal_lathe" title="Metal lathe">Metal lathe</a></li>

<li><a href="Milling_(machining)" title="Milling (machining)">Milling</a></li>

<li><a href="Milling_cutter" title="Milling cutter">Milling cutter</a></li>

<li><a href="Pantograph" title="Pantograph">Pantograph</a></li>

<li><a href="Photochemical_machining" title="Photochemical machining">Photochemical machining</a></li>

<li><a href="Planer_(metalworking)" title="Planer (metalworking)">Planer</a></li>

<li><a href="Reamer" title="Reamer">Reamer</a></li>

<li><a href="Rotary_transfer_machine" title="Rotary transfer machine">Rotary transfer machine</a></li>

<li><a href="Shaper" title="Shaper">Shaper</a></li>

<li><a href="Skiving_(metalworking)" title="Skiving (metalworking)">Skiving</a></li>

<li><a href="Turning" title="Turning">Turning</a></li>

<li><a href="Ultrasonic_machining" title="Ultrasonic machining">Ultrasonic machining</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Machine tools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Angle_plate" title="Angle plate">Angle plate</a></li>

<li><a href="Chuck_(engineering)" title="Chuck (engineering)">Chuck</a></li>

<li><a href="Collet" title="Collet">Collet</a></li>

<li><a href="Fixture_(tool)" title="Fixture (tool)">Fixture</a></li>

<li><a href="Indexing_head" title="Indexing head">Indexing head</a></li>

<li><a href="Lathe_center" title="Lathe center">Lathe center</a></li>

<li><a href="Machine_taper" title="Machine taper">Machine taper</a></li>

<li><a href="Magnetic_switchable_device" title="Magnetic switchable device">Magnetic switchable device</a></li>

<li><a href="Mandrel" title="Mandrel">Mandrel</a></li>

<li><a href="Rotary_table" title="Rotary table">Rotary table</a></li>

<li><a href="Wiggler_(tool)" title="Wiggler (tool)">Wiggler</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terminology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Cutting_fluid" title="Cutting fluid">Cutting fluid</a></li>

<li><a href="Machining_vibrations" title="Machining vibrations">Machining vibrations</a></li>

<li><a href="Speeds_and_feeds" title="Speeds and feeds">Speeds and feeds</a></li>

<li><a href="Swarf" title="Swarf">Swarf</a></li>

<li><a href="Engineering_tolerance" title="Engineering tolerance">Tolerance</a></li>

<li><a href="Tool_and_die_maker" title="Tool and die maker">Tool and die making</a></li>

<li><a href="Tramp_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Tramp oil">Tramp oil</a></li>

<li><a href="Workpiece" title="Workpiece">Workpiece</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><a href="Casting" title="Casting">Casting</a></li>

<li><a href="Metal_fabrication" title="Metal fabrication">Fabrication</a></li>

<li><a href="Forming_processes" title="Forming processes">Forming</a></li>

<li><a href="Jewellery" title="Jewellery">Jewellery</a></li>

<li><a href="Machining" title="Machining">Machining</a></li>

<li><a href="Metallurgy" title="Metallurgy">Metallurgy</a></li>

<li><a href="Metalsmith" title="Metalsmith">Smithing</a></li>

<li><a href="Outline_of_metalworking" title="Outline of metalworking">Tools and terminology</a></li>

<li><a href="Welding" title="Welding">Welding</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

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